The theory of static headspace gas chromatography was introduced in this paper. Effects of gas/liquid phase ratio, partition constant, temperature and salts concentration measured by the sensitivity of static headspace gas chromatography method were investigated. The correlation coefiicients of linear regression by this method were 0.999 for eight aromatic hydrocarbons. The relative standard deviations and recoveries were 0.94% and 94.48% for eight aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. The detection limits of this method for eight aromatic hydrocarbons were 1μg/L. The 104 volatile organic compounds in refinery waste water reservoir were detected. The concentration in waste water for six aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m, p-ox-ylene and o-oxylene were ranged between 268 and 1622μg/L. The volatile organic compounds in the detections were not found in sewage water reservoir and in 15 water samples from Lake Chaohu of Anhui Province.