Cesium-137(¹³⁷Cs) is an artificial radionuclide. Its distribution in the deposit profile is used as a tool of sedimentary chronology. In order to know the depth distribution profile characteristics and environmental significance of ¹³⁷Cs in the sediment of Chinese lake, the literatures concerned were compared and analyzed in this article. We discussed the whole characteristics and main affect factor of lacustrine sedimentary profile of ¹³⁷Cs in five lake areas by reason of different physiognomy. This research indicated that the ¹³⁷Cs deposit profile related to the physiographic characteristics, rainfall, vegetation and human activity besides latitude and altitude. The atmospheric nuclear experiment in China and the Chernobyl accident in Pre-Soviet Union potentially influenced on the ¹³⁷Cs distribution of some zone.