A simulative experimental appliance was designed to investigate the Microcystis recruitment from surface sediments of Taihu Lake. Intace surface sediments from Taihu Lake were put into the appliance bottom and the filtered lake water of Taihu Lake was gentlely added on preset surface sediments. During the culture period, the recruited cells were observed and photographed with an epi-fluorescence microscope. Meanwhile, effect of temperature on the recruitment of Microcystis colony has been studied. Results showed that under simulative conditions, the recruiting population was composed of 2-8 cells mostly. The cell diameter was about 7.2-7.8 μm, larger than that of the colonial cell in suminer(4.8-6 μm). The recruitment of Microcystis colony firom the sediment was affected significantly by temperature. Microcystis in the sediment started to move into the water column when temperature reached 14℃,. With increasing of temperature, the recruitment rate of Microcystis rose gradually and reached its maximum at 18-20℃. The optimal temperature for recmitment of Microcystis, 18-20℃, is higher than that of other algae, 14-18℃. The re-sults suggested that the enhancement in temperature would be advantageous to the recruitment of Microcystis.