This paper provides a literature review on eutrophication and restoration of Lake Apopka, a large, shallow and subtropical lake in Florida, USA.Prior to 1947, Lake Apopka was a clear-water, submerged macrophyte-dominated system with a famous recreation fishery.Hydrologic alteration of the drainage basin and large-scale agricultural developmenl of floodplain has resulted in catastrophic changes m Lake Apopka ecosystem.These changes include excessive phosphoras loading to the lake, massive die-off of the submerged macrophytes and virtual disappearance of the large-mouth bass population.Nowadays, Lake Apopka is a hypereutro-phic system dominated by picophytoplankton and rough fish gizzard shad.Approximately 90% of the lake bottom is covered by a layer of 50 cm thick, unconsolidated, flocculent organic materials largely originated from water column production.Measures of Lake Apopka restoration include (1) reduction of external phosphorus loading, (2) removal of phosphorus and other suspended solids from the lake by filtration through the marsh flow-way and by mass removal of gizzard sliad, (3) improvement of food-web structure by removing gizzard shad, (4) restoration of habitat through shoreline plantation and (5) increases in water level fluctuation.Major research covers a variety of topics including analysis of past water quality conditions, estimates of external and internal phosphorus loading, setting water quality goal, sediment charactenzation, resuspension, nutrient inventory and fluxes, paleolimno-logical evidences for eutrophication, primaiy productivity, phytoplankton community structure, and limiting nutrients.Recent debates on eutrophication mechanisms and restoration strategies are also presented.