The decadal scale variation of rainfall-runoff as well as the climatic changes and the variation trends of rain-fall-runoff in the Yangtze River Valley were studied. Observations reveal a trend that the rainfall in the summer period in the Yangtze River Valley will be more and more concentrated, that is to say, the raining period will be more concentrated and the rainfall intensity will be stronger, which is disadvantageous to the flood control. According to the prediction in trends, the future runoff in Yichang and Hankou Stations will possibly decline while the runoff in Datong station will increase.