Little Ice Age (LIA) is the global cold event nearest to modern time, having an important effect on the development of society and economy throughout the world and in China. As a key period, it is now being used to explore the relationship between historical climate and human activity. Based on historical documents and the result of high resolution proxies (ice core, tree-ring, lake sediment, stalagmite) in recent years, incorporating with part of the foreign researches, several characteristics of LIA are discussed in this paper, including the climatic evolutional process from high-latitude and high-altitude regions to mid-latitude and low-altitude regions and how the monsoon influences the universal temperature decrease of wide range in 17th century, the maximum of LIA, and the variation and distribution of precipitation. By verifying the climate simulations with these results, palaeo-analogue can be obtained to predict the cold oscillation in the global warming background.