Bosten Lake is the biggest fresh-water inland lake in China, and it is the very important natural and economic resource in Xinjiang, the arid inland of China. With the development and utilization on a large scale during the past 50 years, the lake has significantly created social and economical profits. Meanwhile, the environment issues are becoming more and more serious. The ecosystem and biodiversity in the watershed can be protected through the implement of conservation engineering and the enhancement of integrated adjustment.