Based on the Neolithic Culture data in Taihu Lake area,including the distribution and number of culture sites.production styles and the character of culture et al.,a research is made on the impact of environmental changes in Holocene Megathermal (8-3 ka B. P. ) on the development of the Neolithic Culture in this region. The results show that the warm, wet and stable climate in Holocene Megathermal was favourable to the living of ancient people in Nelithic Ages,as well as to a rapid increase in production,population and settlements of Neolithic Culture,especially Neolithic Liangzhu Culture in this region. But there were several abrupt climatic fluctuation stages and cooling events took place during the Holocene Megathermal. Such adverse environment and natural calamities in these stages hindered the development of the Neolithic Culture,and sometimes even destroyed neolithic culture.