| 引用本文: | 宋继鹏,龚磊强,王晓龙,万荣荣.三峡工程建设运行前后鄱阳湖水文情势变化与生态环境演变特征：回顾与展望.湖泊科学,2025,37(3):716-733. DOI:10.18307/2025.0301 |
| Song Jipeng,Gong Leiqiang,Wang Xiaolong,Wan Rongrong.Changes in hydrological conditions and ecological environment in Lake Poyang before and after the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project: Retrospect and prospect. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(3):716-733. DOI:10.18307/2025.0301 |
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| 摘要: |
| 鄱阳湖是长江流域仅存的两个大型通江湖泊之一，在洪水调蓄、水资源供给、水质净化、生物多样性维持等方面发挥着重要作用。本文系统综述了三峡工程建设运行前后鄱阳湖水文情势及水生态环境的演变特征及影响因素，主要结论为：三峡工程建设运行后，在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下，鄱阳湖在水文情势方面呈现出枯水期提前、湖区退水速率加快、泥沙由淤积转为冲刷状态、倒灌天数和流量显著减少等特征；湖区水质整体呈稳中向好态势，但局部水域仍存在蓝藻水华暴发风险；水生生物面临鱼类多样性下降、大型底栖动物密度和生物量趋低的问题；湿地生态方面主要表现出洲滩植被分布向湖心区下延，越冬候鸟总数量保持稳定但少部分种群数量下降。已有研究多为基于湖区周期性的生态观测数据进行的趋势性分析，定量化的分析与研究相对较少，尤其是定量甄别三峡工程蓄水运行对鄱阳湖生态环境的影响分量及其过程机理方面的研究极为缺乏。因此，极有必要持续开展鄱阳湖水文情势与生态环境长期演变观测与研究，借助多维模型精准评估不同水文情势下重大水利枢纽工程等对鄱阳湖生态环境的影响，以期为大型通江湖泊的科学调控与保护管理提供依据。 |
| 关键词: 三峡工程 鄱阳湖 水文情势 生态环境演变 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0301 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金项目（U2240219）；江西省重点研发计划项目（20223BBG74003）；三峡工程运行安全综合监测系统库区维护和管理基金项目（2136703）联合资助 |
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| Changes in hydrological conditions and ecological environment in Lake Poyang before and after the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project: Retrospect and prospect |
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Song Jipeng，Gong Leiqiang，Wang Xiaolong，Wan Rongrong
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1.Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135 , P.R.China ；2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , P.R.China ；3.Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve Authority, Nanchang 330038 , P.R.China ；4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Nanjing 211135 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| Lake Poyang is one of the last two large through-flow lakes in the Yangtze River Basin and plays an important role in flood regulation, water supply, water purification and biodiversity conservation. This paper provides a systematic review of the development patterns and influencing factors of the hydrological conditions and aquatic ecological environment of Lake Poyang before and after the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project. The main conclusions are as follows: after the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project, under the combined influence of climate change and human activities, Lake Poyang has exhibited several hydrological characteristics, including an earlier onset and longer duration of the dry season, accelerated recession rates, a shift from sediment deposition to erosion, and a significant reduction in the duration and volume of backwater. While the overall aquatic environment has shown signs of stability and improvement, certain areas are at risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Aquatic ecosystems have been challenged by a significant decline in fish species diversity and a reduction in the density and biomass of large benthic organisms. In terms of wetland ecology, vegetation productivity has shifted towards the central zone of the lake, and the total number of overwintering migratory birds has generally increased, although some species have experienced population declines. However, existing studies have mainly relied on periodic ecological observation data for trend analysis, with relatively few quantitative assessments, particularly in quantifying the impact of the Three Gorges Project's water storage operations on the ecological environment of Lake Poyang and the mechanisms involved. Therefore, it is essential to continue long-term monitoring and research on the hydrological conditions and ecological environment of Lake Poyang. The use of multi-dimensional models will make it possible to accurately assess the impact of large-scale hydraulic engineering projects under varying hydrological conditions on the ecological environment of Lake Poyang. This research will provide a scientific basis for wetland conservation and comprehensive regulation of large through-flow lakes. |
| Key words: Three Gorges Project Lake Poyang hydrological condition ecological environment change |
