| 摘要: |
| 两栖动物是全球受威胁最严重的脊椎动物类群，其种群衰退主要源于栖息地丧失、气候变化、环境污染、入侵物种及病菌感染等多重压力。为提升两栖动物多样性保护成效，建立高效精准的监测技术以科学评估其生存现状和动态变化至关重要。传统形态学和声学监测方法虽然应用广泛，但存在监测成本高、鉴定难度大、难以发现隐蔽稀有物种等局限。环境DNA（environmental DNA，eDNA）技术以其高效、快速、无创的优势，为两栖动物多样性监测提供了新的解决方案。本文简要介绍了eDNA生物监测的两种主要方法，综述了eDNA技术在两栖动物“靶向”（入侵物种、珍稀/濒危物种）监测、生物多样性调查、物种丰度估测以及致病菌监测方面的应用进展，重点探讨了样品采集与eDNA捕获、引物选择与PCR扩增、生物信息学分析、假阴性与假阳性的控制等关键技术环节对监测准确性的影响，并提出了优化建议。此外，本文对未来的研究方向与应用前景进行了展望，以期为两栖动物多样性监测、保护与管理提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 两栖动物 环境DNA 生物监测 宏条形码 生物多样性 |
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| Research and application progress of environmental DNA technology in amphibian monitoring |
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Zhang Jingwen,Mao Zhiwei,Yang Jianghua,Jin Xiaowei,Zhang Xiaowei
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1.Tianjin Hexi Ecological Environment Monitoring Center;2.School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University
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| Abstract: |
| Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group in the world, and their population decline is mainly due to multiple pressures such as habitat loss, climate change, environmental pollution, invasive species and disease infection. In order to improve the effectiveness of amphibian diversity conservation, it is crucial to establish efficient and accurate monitoring techniques to scientifically assess the status and dynamics of amphibian populations. Although traditional morphological and acoustic monitoring methods are widely used, they have limitations such as high monitoring cost, difficulty in identification, and difficulty in detecting hidden rare species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology provides a new solution for amphibian diversity monitoring with its advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and non-invasiveness. This paper briefly introduces the two main methods of eDNA biomonitoring, summarizes the progress of eDNA technology in amphibian "targeted" (invasive species, rare/endangered species) monitoring, biodiversity surveys, species abundance estimation and pathogenic bacteria monitoring. We focus on the impact of key technical aspects such as sample collection and eDNA capture, primer selection and PCR amplification, bioinformatics analysis, and control of false negatives and falses positives on the accuracy of monitoring, and put forward optimization suggestions. In addition, the future research directions and application prospects are discussed in this paper, in order to provide references for amphibian diversity monitoring, conservation and management. |
| Key words: amphibian environmental DNA biomonitoring metabarcoding biodiversity |
