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| 1992~2023年白洋淀水质变化特征及影响因素分析 |
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李琳琳1,2,3,4,5, 张瑞3, 苗飞虎5, 程兵芬3, 张玥1, 王永强1, 卢少勇1, 石祖秦1
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1.中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;2.中国环境科学研究院湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室;3.华北科技学院应急技术与管理学院;4.河北省多场景水害链生事故智慧应急技术创新中;5.北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 研究基于白洋淀5个站点近30年水质监测数据,运用多源统计分析方法,结合文献调研,系统揭示了白洋淀水质演变趋势、影响因素和控制对策。结果表明,①2005和2015年前后为近30年白洋淀水质较差时段；2022~2023年淀区稳定在III类,2023年水质为30多年以来最好水平,主要污染指标为COD和总磷。大规模生态补水是白洋淀水质很大程度改善的主要原因。②2009~2023年,淀区COD、TN和TP均呈明显下降趋势,年变化速率分别为-0.611mg.(L.a)-1(α=0.05)、-0.21mg.(L.a)-1(α=0.01)和-0.013 mg.(L.a)-1(α=0.05)。③各站点水质指标可空间聚为3类,西部的南刘庄站点水质最差；富营养化指标可聚为2类,呈现出北部站点高于南部站点的特征；近年白洋淀整体为磷限制特征,但为氮污染型湖泊。④入淀水量和水位是近年影响白洋淀水质的关键因素；分区域看,西部南刘庄站点应重点关注外源输入,北部站点应重点降低总氮浓度,南部站点重点治理化学需氧量和总磷污染。下一步,应进一步加强淀区底泥和腐殖质等内源污染控制和流域协同污染治理。 |
| 关键词: 白洋淀 水质 影响因素 疫情 富营养化 Mann-Kendall PCA |
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| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2023YSKY-06；2024YSKY-16）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目（No.3142021002，3142023017）； 廊坊市科技支撑计划项目（2024013020, 2024013033, 2023013101），长江生态环境保护修复岳阳驻点跟踪研究（二期）（2022-LHYJ-02-0207-02） |
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| Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Quality in Lake Baiyangdian,1992-2023 |
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LI Linlin,ZHANG Rui,MIAO Feihu,CHENG Bingfen,ZHANG Yue,WANG Yongqiang,LU Shaoyong,SHI Zuqin
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Multi-scene water chain accident wisdom emergency technology innovation center of Hebei
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the monitoring data of water quality at 5 stations in Baiyangdian lake in recent 30 years, this study comprehensively applied multi-source statistical analysis methods and literature research to systematically reveal the trend of water quality evolution, influencing factors, and control measures in Baiyangdian lake. Results showed that: ①The year of 2005 and 2015 were the periods of poor water quality in Baiyangdian lake over the past 30 years. From 2022 to 2023, the water quality of the lake area remained stable at Class III, and by 2023, the water quality was at its best level over 30 years. The main pollution indicators were COD and TP in recent years. Large scale ecological water replenishment was the main reason for the significant improvement of water quality in Baiyangdian lake. ② From 2009 to 2023, the COD, TN, and TP concentrations in the Dianqu area were in significant downward trends, with annual decrease rate of 0.611mg.(L.a)-1 (α=0.01), 0.21 mg.(L.a)-1 (α=0.01), and 0.013 mg.(L.a)-1 (α=0.05), respectively. ③The water quality indicators across various monitoring stations in Baiyangdian Lake can be spatially categorized into three groups, with the Nanliuzhuang station in the western region showing the poorest water quality. Eutrophication indicators are further classified into two categories, with northern sites exhibiting a higher nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio compared to the southern sites. Over recent years, Baiyangdian Lake has become predominantly phosphorus-limited, despite being a nitrogen-polluted system overall. ④The inflow and water level are the key factors affecting the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake in recent years. From a regional perspective, targeted management strategies are necessary for different areas of the lake. In the western region, particularly at the Nanliuzhuang site, efforts should focus on controlling external nutrient inputs. In the northern sites, priority should be given to reducing total nitrogen concentrations, while in the southern sites, the main focus should be on controlling chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus levels. Looking ahead, local authorities should intensify efforts to manage endogenous pollution, particularly from sediments and organic matter (humus) within the lake. Furthermore, a coordinated approach to pollution control across the entire watershed is essential to address both external and internal sources of contamination.. |
| Key words: Baiyangdian lake Water quality Influencing factors Epidemic Eutrophication Mann-Kendall PCA |
