| 摘要: |
| 湖库型水源地是我国重要水源，对保障区域供水安全发挥着举足轻重的作用。本文以引滦入津工程水源地潘家口水库为研究对象，构建了三维水动力-水质数学模型，开展了水库调度、入库硝酸盐浓度等条件变化下水库底部缺氧的响应研究，提出了防控水库底部缺氧的综合策略。本文采用2017-2018年的水库实测数据，验证了模型的可靠性。研究发现：水库调度与硝酸盐浓度对库底溶解氧浓度的影响显著，在热分层中后期水库下泄水量增大，库底缺氧持续时间、缺氧严重程度显著降低；大幅度降低来水硝酸盐浓度，库底缺氧持续时间、缺氧严重程度和影响范围均显著增加。结合水库实际调度运行情况和供水水质达标的要求，本文建议：1）潘家口水库与下游大黑汀水库联合调度，将每年1~4月和9~12月的下泄水量调整至10月中下旬集中下泄，优化后库底严重缺氧持续时间、最大缺氧面积可分别缩减54%、23%；2）上游来水硝酸盐浓度降低至1.5~2mg/L的流域治污建议，在保证下泄水体TN达标的同时，能够最大限度的发挥硝酸盐对库底耗氧的缓解作用。本文从“水库上游污染源控制—库区底部缺氧防控—下游水质达标”多角度有针对性的制定水库水质保护综合策略，可为深水型水源水库水环境保护与修复提供科学指导。 |
| 关键词: 大型水源水库 水质模拟 溶解氧 水环境保护 潘家口水库 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）U2340224 |
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| Comprehensive Strategy Research on Prevention and Control of Hypoxia at the Bottom of the Deep Water Source Reservoirs |
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Yu Xiao, Zhuge Yisi, Liu Xiaobo, Du Qiang, Li Guoqiang, Tan Hongwu, Xu Xuming
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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| Abstract: |
| Lake-reservoir type water sources are crucial to China’s water supply, playing a vital role in ensuring regional water security. This study focused on the Panjiakou Reservoir, a key water source for the Luanhe-Tianjin Water Diversion Project. A three-dimensional numerical model was performed to unveil the response of bottom hypoxia under varying reservoir operations and nitrate concentrations in the inflow. Based on these findings, we proposed comprehensive strategies for preventing and controlling bottom hypoxia. In this paper, the measured reservoir data from 2017 to 2018 were used to verify the reliability of the model. Results show that increasing the reservoir"s outflow significantly shortened the duration of bottom hypoxia and weakened its severity in the later stage of thermal stratification. Moreover, a substantial reduction in the nitrate concentration in the inflow resulted in a significant increase in the duration, severity, and spatial extent of bottom hypoxia. Based on the actual operation of the reservoir and the requirements for meeting the standards of water supply quality, this article suggests: 1) joint scheduling with the downstream Daheiting Reservoir should be implemented, adjusting the outflow volumes during January-April and September-December to concentrate the discharge in mid-to-late October. This optimization reduced the duration of severe hypoxia and the maximum hypoxic area by 54% and 23%, respectively. 2) Second, we recommended reducing the upstream nitrate concentration to 1.5-2 mg/L as part of the watershed pollution control efforts. This approach ensured that the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in the discharged water satisfied the standards, while maximizing the mitigating effect of nitrate on bottom hypoxia. Our study proposed a comprehensive strategy for reservoir water quality protection from multiple perspectives, including "upstream pollution source concentration control, reservoir hypoxia prevention, and downstream water quality standards compliance", which were of importance for the protection and restoration of aquatic environments in the deep water source reservoirs. |
| Key words: the deep water source reservoirs water quality simulation dissolved oxygen water environment protection Panjiakou Reservoir |
