Holocene climate is not stable, together with many regional differences, especially in the monsoon margin region. Hence, this study chose the pollen record preserved in the Jilantai Playa sediments from the monsoon margin region to reconstruct the evolution history of past vegetation and climate during the Holocene. The pollen analyses results indicate that the vegetation type didn't change in the study area during the Holocene. During the early Holocene (10.5-8.5 cal ka BP), the samples contain high amount of Artemisia, together with relatively lower contributions of Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae and Ephedra. The A/C ratio was relatively low and stable (about 4.11), indicating a gradual increase in available moisture during the early Holocene. At 8.5 cal ka BP, the proportion of Artemisia pollen decreased sharply, which was replaced by Chenopodiaceae, indicating an apparent dry climate event. In the mid-Holocene stage (8.5-3.5 cal ka BP), the content of Artemisia increased significantly while Chenopodiaceae decreased, resulting in the maximal A/C ratio at around 7.1-6.0 cal ka BP, pointing to the most humid interval during the Holocene. Then, in the late Holocene stage (3.5 cal ka BP to present), the composition of Chenopodiaceae increased again and exceeded that in the early Holocene stage, with A/C ratio as low as 3.66, the region showed an obvious tendency of drought. Especially in the mid Holocene, the enhanced EASM brought sufficient moisture to the Jilantai region, forming the wettest condition during the whole Holocene, which is consistent with the mineral composition of the Jilantai Playa sediments, i.e. the appearance of Glauberite, during the mid-Holocene. Compared with regional climate records, the climate evolution pattern of Jilantai region is consistent with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), suggesting that the area is dominated by the EASM with the wettest period during the mid-Holocene.