Total suspended matter (TSM) is one of the important optical active substances in water body, which largely determines the absorption, scattering and attenuation of light in water column and adsorbs nutrients, heavy metals and toxic and harmful substances. Therefore, TSM is of great important to biogeochemical processes of water substance, lake sediment burial dynamics andlake environment evolution. This study developed TSM estimation model in Lake Taihu based on satellite-ground synchronous experiment and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) image, and further analyzed TSM short-term dynamics in Lake Taihu during its typical wind-waves process. The results showed that the band 7 (745 nm) and band 8 (865 nm) of GOCI data were the sensitive bands of TSM estimation in Lake Taihu with the linear correlation determination coefficients of 0.72 and 0.55, respectively. A single band empirical model based on GOCI band 7 was used to estimate the TSM concentration of Lake Taihu and its relative root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error were 28.3% and 24.4%, respectively. Significant short-term TSM dynamic change was observed in Lake Taihu, and wind direction and wind speed were the important factors determining TSM concentration. TSM concentration increased with the increase of wind speed and diffused along with wind direction. High-frequency continuous GOCI images showed that the short-term dynamics of TSM concentration had a certain lag in response to wind-wave disturbance. The lag time ranged from several hours to one day, and the critical wind speed of TSM settling and sediment resuspension was about 3.4 m/s.