One of the most dramatic climate change events is the Younger Dryas event (YD), a return to near-glacial conditions that punctuated the last deglaciation.Based chiefly on the lacustrine carbonate isotopic composition, spore-pollen and geochemical element wet-dry index C and CaCO₃ analyses of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, the most striking Younger Dryas cooling event (YD) during last deglaciation has been revealed.This record shows that both the onset and termination of the YD event occurred within 11.0-10.OkaBP, essentially synchronizing with Europe and Greenland, during which climate was characterized by a cold and relative humid regime.Although the mechanism for creating such abrupt and global event is not easly to be explained, the results obtained from southern Xinjiang, the aridest inland area in China, may provide some fresh insights into such abrupt climatic anomalies.