| 摘要: |
| 集运鱼系统作为解决高坝过鱼难题的新兴型式，于二十一世纪初开始应用于我国部分高水头电站，但相关工程集鱼效果却鲜有报道。乌东德水电站首创尾水口集鱼方案，建设了集运鱼系统帮助鱼类洄游。本研究基于乌东德集运鱼系统2021-2023年集获鱼类数据，采用多样性指数、相对重要性指数、个体生态学矩阵和Ward聚类等方法分析集获鱼类特点，与环评及设计阶段相关要求相互印证，初步评价乌东德集运鱼系统集鱼效果。2021-2023年，乌东德集运鱼系统集获鱼类52种95281尾。统计分析表明：（1）10种主次要过鱼对象全部集获，金沙鲈鲤（Percocypris pingi）平均规格最大。（2）集获的圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）、长鳍吻鮈（Rhinogobio ventralis）、中华金沙鳅（Jinshaia sinensis）、长薄鳅（Leptobotia elongata）和裂腹鱼亚科（Schizothoracinae）鱼类以4龄、3龄、6龄、4龄和4龄为主。（3）集获鱼类多样性指数总体处于一般水平，群落结构相对简单。（4）集获鱼类中优势种为?（Hemiculter leucisculus）、中华沙鳅（Botia superciliaris）和泉水鱼（Pseudogyrinocheilus procheilus），3种优势种优势程度达87.3%。（5）物种层面上，集获鱼类中粘沉性卵、定居型为主要生态类群，喜流特征以急流型鱼类为主，缓流型鱼类亦占一定比例。（6）Ward聚类分析发现，集鱼数量最多的7月、8月单独为两个聚类，其他月份为一个聚类，季节性差异明显。总体而言，乌东德集运鱼系统帮助了江段大部分鱼类物种洄游，未出现不同个体规格的选择性集诱鱼，初步判断集获的主次要过鱼对象大都为达到初次性成熟年龄的潜在繁殖群体，部分主次要过鱼对象集获月份与环评及设计阶段提出的繁殖时间相比存在滞后或提前，集获鱼类组成变化基本符合设计阶段预测。与同类型过鱼设施相比，乌东德集运鱼系统利用发电尾水诱鱼具有较好的效果，为消减电站的阻隔影响发挥了积极作用。后续需进一步优化集运鱼系统运行方式，加强相关监测，科学、合理的综合评价集运鱼系统有效性，促进金沙江下游连通性恢复。 |
| 关键词: 过鱼设施 乌东德水电站 集运鱼系统 集鱼效果 鱼类多样性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Monitoring and preliminary evaluation of fish collection effectiveness in the fish collection and transportation system at Wudongde Hydropower Station,Jinsha River |
|
Yang Ke, Xia Liming, Chen Zhiwei, Fan Xiangjun, Zhang Diji, Gao Yulei, Duan Zhengquan, Ge Yuxuan
|
|
1: China Three Gorges Corporation
|
| Abstract: |
| As an emerging solution to address fish passage challenges in high dams, the fish collection and transportation system was first implemented in China in the early 21st century at several high-head hydropower stations. However, limited data have been reported on its effectiveness. The Wudongde Hydropower Station pioneered a tailrace outlet fish collection scheme, constructing a fish collection and transportation system to assist fish migration. Based on fish collection data from the Wudongde fish collection and transportation system from 2021 to 2023, this study analyzed the characteristics of collected fish using Diversity index, Index of relative importance, Fish autecology matrix , and Ward clustering. The results were cross-validated with environmental impact assessment and design requirements to preliminarily evaluate the system’s efficacy. During 2021–2023, the Wudongde fish collection and transportation system collected 95,281 individuals from 52 fish species. Statistical analyses revealed: (1) All 10 main and secondary fish passing objects were collected, with Percocypris pingi exhibiting the largest average size. (2) The collected specimens of Coreius guichenoti, Rhinogobio ventralis, Jinshaia sinensis, Leptobotia elongata, and Schizothoracinae fishes were mainly 4-year-old, 3-year-old, 6-year-old, 4-year-old, and 4-year-old, respectively. (3) Fish diversity indices indicated moderate overall diversity and a relatively simple community structure. (4) Dominant species included Hemiculter leucisculus, Botia superciliaris, and Pseudogyrinocheilus procheilus, collectively accounting for 87.3% of the total catch. (5) At the species level, Sticky and demersal eggs，Settlement were predominant. Lotic type species dominated, but lentic type also comprised a notable proportion. (6) Ward clustering showed distinct seasonal differences, with July and August forming separate clusters due to high collection volumes, while other months grouped into another cluster. Overall, the Wudongde fish collection and transportation system facilitated migration for most fish species in the river section, with no size-selective bias observed. Preliminary assessment suggests that the majority of the main and secondary fish passing objects collected are potential breeding populations that have reached the age of first sexual maturity. Compared with the breeding time proposed in the environmental impact assessment and design stage, the collection month of some fish objects is delayed or advanced, and the change of fish composition is basically in line with the prediction in the design stage. Compared to similar fish passage facilities, the Wudongde fish collection and transportation system demonstrated superior efficacy by utilizing turbine tailwater for fish attraction, effectively mitigating the hydropower station’s barrier effects. Future efforts should optimize system operations, enhance monitoring, and scientifically evaluate its effectiveness to promote connectivity restoration in the lower Jinsha River. |
| Key words: Fish passage facilities Wudongde Hydropower Station Fish collection and transportation system Fish collection effectiveness Fish diversity |
