| 引用本文: | 温舒珂,彭凯,龚志军,秦伯强,蔡永久.近40年来太湖梅梁湾底栖动物群落演变特征及驱动因素.湖泊科学,2023,35(2):599-609. DOI:10.18307/2023.0217 |
| Wen Shuke,Peng Kai,Gong Zhijun,Qin Boqiang,Cai Yongjiu.Succession of macrozoobenthic communities and its drivers in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu during the past 40 years. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(2):599-609. DOI:10.18307/2023.0217 |
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| 近40年来太湖梅梁湾底栖动物群落演变特征及驱动因素 |
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温舒珂1,2, 彭凯1, 龚志军1,2,3, 秦伯强1,2, 蔡永久1,2,3
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室, 南京 210008;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.安徽师范大学, 皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心, 芜湖 241002
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| 摘要: |
| 梅梁湾是太湖北部最大湖湾,也是太湖生态环境问题最严重的区域之一,近年来对太湖治理力度不断加大,然而对其生态状况演变的认识尚不清晰。本文基于长期监测及文献资料,获得1980s以来太湖梅梁湾底栖动物及环境因子数据,分析底栖动物种类组成、优势种、丰度的时空变化,应用非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和随机森林(RF)分析群落结构演变及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,梅梁湾1980-2019年共记录到44属(种)底栖动物,以摇蚊幼虫和软体动物为主,总丰度年际变化显著,40年来底栖群落结构发生显著变化,优势种经历了由较敏感的软体类为主到以耐污寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫等为主的转变。综合NMDS和随机森林分析结果,梅梁湾底栖动物群落演变大致可分为4个阶段:1980s及以前,物种多样性丰富,以河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)等大型软体动物为优势种;1990s-2007年,底栖动物群落快速退化,以耐污种占优;2008-2016年,水生态略有恢复,河蚬等清洁种略有回升;2017-2019年,耐污种优势度和丰度反弹。近40年来梅梁湾底栖动物群落变化主要受底质氮磷、有机质和水体营养盐、蓝藻水华等环境因子变化的影响,此外水生植物演替也是影响底栖动物群落变化的重要因素。 |
| 关键词: 大型底栖无脊椎动物 群落结构 长期演变 浅水湖泊 富营养化 太湖 梅梁湾 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0217 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(U2240208)、中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2020316)、安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2020-075)和湖泊与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2022SKL009)联合资助。 |
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| Succession of macrozoobenthic communities and its drivers in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu during the past 40 years |
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Wen Shuke1,2, Peng Kai1, Gong Zhijun1,2,3, Qin Boqiang1,2, Cai Yongjiu1,2,3
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1.Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China;3.Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Meiliang Bay is the largest bay in the northern Lake Taihu which has the most serious ecological and environmental problems. In recent years, while the governance of Lake Taihu has been strengthened, the understanding of the succession of its ecological status remains unclear. Based on the long-term monitoring data and historical literature, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of macrozoobenthos composition, the dominant species and density in Meiliang Bay since 1980s. Community succession and its relationship with environmental factors are examined by non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS) and random forest (RF). The results showed that 44 taxa were recorded in Meiliang Bay from 1980 to 2019, mainly composed of chironomid larvae and molluscs, with substantial interannual changes in total density. The benthic community structure has changed significantly in the past 40 years, with the dominant species have changed from sensitive species dominated by molluscs to pollution tolerant species characterized by oligochaetes and chironomids. Based on the results of NMDS and random forest analyses, the benthic community succession in Meiliang Bay can be roughly divided into four stages. Stage 1 (before 1980s) had Corbicula fluminea and other large molluscs dominated the community characterized by high species diversity. In stage 2 (1990s-2007), the benthic community degenerated rapidly, dominated by pollution-tolerant species. From 2008 to 2016 (stage 3), the ecological condition showed a recovery trend, with the sensitive species increased slightly. Stage 4 from 2017 to 2019, the dominance and density of pollution tolerant species rebounded. The changes of benthic communities in Meiliang Bay in recent 40 years are mainly regulated by sediment nitrogen and phosphorus, organic matter and water column nutrients, followed by aquatic macrophytes degradation. |
| Key words: Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure long-term succession shallow lake eutrophication Lake Taihu Meiliang Bay |
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