The transparency of water bodies is an important indicator for evaluating water quality and plays an important role in the water ecosystem. With the help of remote sensing technology, large-scale, real-time data can be obtained, and it has the advantage of saving manpower and material resources. According to the Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI satellite data band settings, the Lake Daihai water body transparency retrieved model is established based on the measured transparency data and spectral data of Lake Daihai in this study. The results show that: 1) Among the transparency retrieved model established in this study, the blue-red band ratio quadratic model has the best retrieved accuracy than the quadratic model (R²=0.66, RMSE=24.02, MAPE=21.24%). 2) Applying the blue-red band ratio quadratic model to Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI satellite data, the transparency retrieved accuracy is better (MAPE<28.82%, RMSE<23.26 cm, R²>0.60). 3) This algorithm is applied to MSI and OLI images, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the transparency of the Lake Daihai water body are obtained. The results showed that the average annual change range was 90.71-120.77 cm, the average transparency in 2015 was the highest, and the average transparency in 2013 was the lowest. The monthly range changed from 90.68 to 122.53 cm, the average transparency in July was the highest, and the average transparency in May was the lowest. The spatial distribution trend of Lake Daihai's water transparency is roughly high in the northwest, low in the southeast, high in the middle, and low in the central. 4) The main factors affecting the transparency of the Lake Daihai water body are wind speed and precipitation. The transparency and wind speed, precipitation have a significant negative correlation and positive correlation, respectively.