The Lake Taihu region, China, is highly developed, and water pollution has affected both the water supply and economic development of the region in recent years. It is important to understand and evaluate the quantity and spatial-temporal distribution of agricultural pollution to reduce the water pollution, improve the water quality and promote the economic development in this region. This paper reviewed the estimating methods, output coefficients and pollutant-controlled strategies of the agricultural sources pollution that have been widely applied. Considering the composition, emission and distribution of agricultural pollution sources in the Lake Taihu region, multiple methods, such as field monitoring and field survey, should be applied to estimate the agricultural pollution and their apportionments. It was significant to determine the coefficients of pollutant production, emission and discharge into rivers from cropland, livestock and aquaculture, and their differences in spatial and temporal distribution. Some specific suggestions and applicable measurements were put forward to reduce agricultural sources pollution in the Lake Taihu region.